Record of the Families of Robert Patterson (the Elder), Immigrant From Ireland to America, 1774.

World Jewish Congress President Ronald Lauder sparked a row recently by calling on Israel to launch immediate peace negotiations with the Palestinians. The statement was perceived as criticism confronting Lauder's personal friend, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Subsequently, Lauder reiterated his "unequivocal" support for Netanyahu and "policies that seek to create a lasting peace in the Middle East". Lauder's remarks fabricated headlines and sparked both enthusiastic and angry responses not only because of his of import role, but besides – and mainly – because he is a very rich homo.

Wall Street: Many Jews Forbes mag estimates his wealth at $2.7 billion. His family owns the Estée Lauder cosmetics giant, he is ane of the biggest fine art collectors in the world, and owns dozens of idiot box channels and media outlets in the United States and worldwide, including 25% of State of israel's Channel 10 Goggle box. He is a heavy donor to countless Jewish and Israeli organizations, bodies and officials – including Netanyahu.

Lauder is definitely not the only American Jew funneling coin to Israel while influencing the state. Many Israeli adults used to receive a parcel from "the rich uncle in America" during their childhood. Thousands of organizations, including hospitals and universities, receive billions of shekels in donations from the US. A Hebrew University report found that they make upwardly about two-third of all donations in Israel.

Each new immigrant receives aid from the Jewish Agency, whose budget is mostly made upward of donations from the The states. Many of us alive on lands the Jewish National Fund bought from Arabs by Jewish-American money. A haredi yeshiva student gets NIS 1,000 ($295) a month from the Israeli government, and another NIS three,000 ($885) from haredi American donors.

The online Jewish Encyclopedia says some 5.6 million Jews alive in the United States (not including one-half a million Israelis) – nigh 1.8% of the population. Nigh of them reside in rich cities: Miami, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Boston, and mainly New York.

A study of the Pew Forum plant from 2008 found that Jews are the richest religious grouping in the U.s.: Twoscore-six of Jews earn more than $100,000 a year, compared to 19% among all Americans. Some other Gallup poll conducted this year found that 70% of American Jews relish "a loftier standard of living" compared to 60% of the population and more than whatever other religious group.

Hollywood: Many Jews More than 100 of the 400 billionaires on Forbes' list of the wealthiest people in America are Jews. Half dozen of the twenty leading venture capital funds in the U.s.a. belong to Jews, according to Forbes. Google founder Sergey Brin has a Jewish male parent, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg is Jewish, as is his deputy, David Fischer, the son of Banking concern of State of israel Governor Stanley Fischer. The chairman of the Federal Reserve, Ben Shalom Bernanke, is Jewish as well, as is he predecessor, Alan Greenspan, and the Fed founder, Paul Warburg. Jews are well represented in Wall Street, Silicon Valley, the United states Congress and Administration, Hollywood, Tv set networks and the American press – fashion beyond their percentage in the population.

The United States is among the richest countries in the globe, making American Jews one of the wealthiest ethnic groups in the universe. Their success story is fifty-fifty more phenomenal considering the speed in which they became rich.

Only several 1000 Jews lived in the Us upon its establishment on July 4, 1776, most of them Marrano and people who were exiled or escaped from Spain in favor of colonies in North America. In the mid 19th century, some 200,000 Jews immigrated to the Us, generally from Germany and central Europe. Most of them were Reform Jews, well-established, who saw themselves equally Germans and Americans more than as Jews. They scattered across the continent and set up businesses, from small stores and factories to fiscal giants similar Lehman Brothers and Goldman Sachs. The great moving ridge of immigration began in 1882. Czarist Russia, which was home to about one-half of the world's Jews, went through a failed industrial revolution and was on the verge of collapse, while the Jews living in small-scale towns became impoverished and suffered from cruel pogroms. Inside 42 years, some 2 million Jews immigrated to the US from Ukraine, western Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Republic of belarus and Romania. They made upward 25% of the Jewish population in those countries, about 15% of the globe'southward Jews, and 10 times the number of Jews who immigrated to the Land of Israel during that period. The US became the globe's biggest Jewish concentration. The mass immigration to Israel began in 1924, when the The states enacted tough laws which halted the clearing. The immigrants arrived in the US on crowded boats, and most of them were equally poor as church mice. Dr. Robert Rockaway, who studied that period, wrote that eighty% of Us Jews were employed in manual piece of work before World War I, most of them in textile factories. Many workplaces were blocked to the Jews due to an anti-Semitic campaign led by industrialist Henry Ford. Most of them lived in crowded and filthy slums in New York – Brooklyn and the Lower East Side. Many films and books describe the world established in those neighborhoods: Vibrant, but tough and brutal. At that place was a lively civilization of cabarets and pocket-sized Yiddish theaters, alongside a Jewish mafia with famous law-breaking bosses such as Meyer Lansky, Abner "Longie" Zwillman, and Louis "Lepke" Buchalter, who grew up in the filthy alleys. Many of the Jews, who were socialists in Europe, became active in labor unions and in workers' strikes and protests. Many merchandise unions were established by Jews. The Jewish immigrants, however, emerged from poverty and made faster progress than any other group of immigrants. According to Rockaway, in the 1930s, nearly xx% of the Jewish men had free professions, double the rate in the entire American population. Anti-Semitism weakened after World War II and the restrictions on hiring Jews were reduced and later canceled as part of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, thanks to the struggle of liberal activists, many of whom were Jews.

In 1957, 75% of U.s. Jews were white-collar workers, compared to 35% of all white people in the US; in 1970, 87% of Jewish men worked in clerical jobs, compared to 42% of all white people, and the Jews earned 72% more the full general average. The simply remnant of their poverty is that most of them still support a welfare policy and the Democratic Party.

As they became richer, Jews integrated into society. They moved from the slums to the suburbs, abased Yiddish and adopted the dress, culture, slang and dating and shopping habits of the not-Jewish elite. Virtually Jews left religion when they immigrated to the United states, but returned to it later on and joined Reform and Conservative communities, becoming more alike the Americans, virtually of whom are religious Christians.

Alongside the Jews, millions of immigrants arrived in the US from Ireland, Italy, People's republic of china and dozens of other countries. They too accept settled downward since then, but the Jews succeeded more than everyone. Why? All the experts we asked said the reason was Jewish instruction. Jewish American student organization Hillel found that nine to 33% of students in leading universities in the US are Jewish.

"The Jewish tradition always sanctified studying, and the Jews made an effort to study from the moment they arrived in American," says Danny Halperin, Israel's sometime economic attaché in Washington. "In addition, the Jews take a stiff tradition of business entrepreneurship. The Irish, for instance, came from families of land workers with a different mentality, studies less and initiated less. "The Jews progressed because many areas were blocked to them," says Halperin. "Many Irish were integrated into the constabulary, for example, and just few Jews. The Jews entered new fields in which there was demand for people with initiative. They didn't integrate into traditional cyberbanking, and so they established the investment cyberbanking."

"The cinema manufacture was created from scratch in the 1930s, and the Jews basically took over it. To this day there are many Jewish names in the superlative echelon of Hollywood and the television networks. After on, they took high-tech by tempest too – another new industry requiring learning abilities."

"The Jews were the first people to undergo globalization," says Rebecca Caspi, senior vice president of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA). "They had a network of global connections style before other nations, and a strong and supportive customs.

"The Jewish communal system is considered a part model for all other ethnic groups. Information technology helped the Jews everywhere and especially in the US, which was ever more than open than other countries and provided equal opportunities, while on the other hand –wasn't supportive of the individual."

How exercise community institutions help people succeed in business organisation?

"The mutual help allowed poor Jews to study. My family unit is an example of what happened to millions. My grandad arrived in New York with two dollars in his pocket. He sold pencils, and and so pants and then other things, and in the concurrently studied English, German and Spanish and established ties.

"He had 5 children, and the family had a small store in Brooklyn. They got assist from the HIAS Jewish organisation, which allowed them to report. They were then poor that they didn't have coin for textbooks, then the siblings helped each other. My father was the youngest, and until he started university the iv older siblings had already managed to settle down, so they all helped him complete his medical studies." "The Jews had to excel in society to survive," says Avia Spivak, a professor of economic and erstwhile Bank of Israel deputy governor. "I once had a student of Russian descent, who told me that his parents said to him, 'Y'all must be the all-time, considering then you might get a minor role.' "That was the situation of the Jews abroad, and in America too until the 1960s. The well-nigh prestigious universities didn't take in Jewish students, so they studied in colleges and got the best grades. When the discrimination disappeared, the Jews reached the elevation."

Is that why they succeeded in the United states more than in other places?

The discrimination lessened in well-nigh countries. I think Jews succeeded in America in item because capitalism is good for the Jews. Jews have a tendency for entrepreneurship, they study more and take quick perception, know how to seize opportunities and have networking skills. A competitive surroundings gives Jews an reward."

Is that the reason Israelis are not as rich equally American Jews?

"I call back the 'Jewish genius' – which is not a genetic effect merely a cultural issue – is expressed in Israel in other areas. The Jews in America arrived in a country with existing, stable and potent infrastructure. Here they had to build the entire infrastructure from scratch, nether harsh conditions."

There is no doubtfulness that American Jews' huge success helped Jews survive in Israel.

"The assist is beyond the actual donations," says Caspi. "The federal assistance arrives largely thanks to the Jewish pressure. Israeli businesspeople use their connections in America to open markets and raise funds, specially for the venture capital industry." The American assist strengthens the connection between the ii communities – which together make upwards almost fourscore% of the Jewish people – only also creates discomfort on both sides: The Americans view Israel as a "shelter for a rainy day" and feel committed to assist the Land, only some experience their coin is beingness wasted due to wrong moves; the Israelis alive in fear of what will happen if and when the help stops. The fear is increasing, with one-3rd of U.s.a. Jews marrying non-Jews and stating that they experience less connected to Israel.

"Israel would accept been established and would accept survived even without the American aid, but it would accept been poorer," says Halperin. "There are areas, like higher educational activity, in which the aid is critical – and if it suddenly disappears, things will be difficult."

Every time there are arguments betwixt the Israeli regime and Jews in America, Israeli and American public figures warn that "ane day they'll accept enough and terminate donating." Tin that happen?

"The scope of donations is decreasing in the past few years," says Halperin. "The Jews have a sense of belonging to the American lodge and give their donations to American organizations. They want to see their names at a New York museum rather than at Jerusalem museum.

"As the Holocaust becomes more distant, the fright for Israel's being drops. In add-on, Israel is no longer perceived as a poor country. And the Americans have their own problems: The financial crunch and pedagogy in the US, which is becoming more and more expensive. The donations will gradually drop, and may eventually disappear.

"But it'south hard for me to believe that the donations will disappear at one time because of a political crisis. It looks like our government is trying to make it happen with all its might, simply fortunately, it can't even exercise that."

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Source: https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4099803,00.html

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